Rejuvenating life, livelihood on economic inequality amidst the global crisis

Trade plays an important aspect in broadening the aperture to international merchandise and services;for instance, it allows nations to handle distress by changing suppliers when domestic or international links are disrupted. The COVID-19 pandemic's health and economic catastrophe has been a tremendous pressure for every national system, causing unparalleled distress to universal supply networks and trade associations. In nominal dollar terms, the global GDP fell by 3.3% worldwide, and trade in goods and services declined by 9.6% in 2020, ensuing in the most terrible recession since World War II. Countries that share boundaries with many other countries are predominantly susceptible to interruption in the delivery of crucial provisions due to transportation problem. The purpose of this chapter is to focus on the prevalent inequalities across all countries amidst diverse segments. © 2022, IGI Global. All rights reserved.

Awareness On Role of Kabasura Kudineer on Immunity Among Adult Population

Introduction: Kabasura kudineer is a concoction prepared as a siddha product which is effective against respiratory infection (1). It is made with the use of 15 herbs which includes ginger, clove, Piper Longum, Dusparsha, Akarakarabha, Kokilaksha, haritaki, Malabar nut, ajwain, Kusta, guduchi, Kalamegha,Raja pata, musta and Bharani (2). Each and every ingredient has its own importance like ginger promotes digestion and helps in treatment of respiratory ailments (3), Pippalli can treat indigestion, asthma and cough, clove helps to kill bacteria and promote liver health etc. Thus the aim of the study is to analyze the knowledge and awareness on the role of Kabasura kudineer on immunity among the adult population. Materials and methods: Self-administered structured questionnaires were designed based on the knowledge and awareness of the role of Kabasura kudineer on immunity among adults. The questionnaire was distributed through online google forms link, the study population included 100 dental students in Chennai.The data was collected and statistically analysed in SPSS of version 26.0.The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Results: Majority of 19 year old (52%) individuals had responded whereas 35% of 17 year old respondents among them nearly 97% were females and 88% were aware of kabasura kudineer. It was appreciable that 83% of respondents were aware that kabasura kudineer was a siddha formulation and only 50% were aware it was administered as concoction among whom 78% of individuals knew that it is a perfect remedy for respiratory ailments. Majority (52%) respondents were aware about the herbal ingredients used. Conclusion: Thus majority of adults were not aware about the properties of Kabasura kudineer. More awareness programmes have to be done to make Kabasura kudineer a prophylactic agent world wide.

Estimating the Impact of Urbanization on Nitrogen Dioxide Emission Over New Delhi Region Using Satellite Imaginary Model—Pre and During COVID Era

Urbanization is the process of slow conversion of most of the rural areas into urban with respect to time. This leads to excess population concentrated in particular areas and other consequences due to urban sprawl, pollution levels, etc. In recent days’ air pollution is being identified as a huge cause of lung disorders and pre-matured deaths in the world, due to fossil fuel combustion, urban transports and many more. In this study, one of the metropolitan cities, New Delhi which is facing lots of pollution problems nowadays has been considered, and the concentration of Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been estimated. The analysis was made through a common platform and user-friendly economical tool GIOVANNI developed by NASA. The present study investigates the concentration of NO2 using Ozone Monitoring Instrument to monitor the air pollution hotspot in New Delhi in India that existed before and during COVID-19. The research findings showed that atmospheric NO2 levels during the COVID lockdown period were 0.8E16 per sq.cm, which was doubled (1.6E16 per sq.cm) after the lockdown. These are some of the valid proofs for the fact that air pollution after COVID has been drastically decreased compared to the days before lockdown. Despite the economic and industrial deterioration, the air and water quality has boosted up in a progressive manner, in this temporary lockdown. The findings from this research will be helpful for the legislators to create a benchmarks standard for atmospheric pollution and to improve the quality of life and well-being. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Knowledge And Awareness About Isolation And Incubation Of Covid 19 Among Dental Students- A Survey

The World Health Organization (WHO) states that the viral diseases have emerged continuously and stands as a greatest public health issue. For the past two decades, there have been epidemics which include viral infections like H1N1 influenza (2009), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (2002) have been recorded and most recent epidemic was the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 following the pandemic COVID19. At the initial diagnosis, the novel coronavirus was called 2019-nCoV which was later renamed by a group of experts in International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) as SARS-CoV-2 virus because it is similar to the virus that caused SARS (SARS-CoVs). One among the main pathogens that targets the human respiratory system was Coronavirus. The past coronaviruses outbreaks comprises the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV which have been a severe public health threat. This is a questionnaire based study where the questionnaire was formatted to assess the knowledge and awareness about the infection COVID, study was done through an online platform Google forms which consisted of 15 questions. The study population included was the dental students. The data was received and statistics were analysed and graphically represented, in total the results are positive.This survey concluded that dental students are aware of the isolation and incubation of COVID19. © The Electrochemical Society

Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala State, India Amidst of COVID-19 Pandemic.

We report here a Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in Kozhikode district of Kerala state, India, which had caused fatal encephalitis in a 12-year-old boy and the outbreak response, which led to the successful containment of the disease and the related investigations. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, ELISA-based antibody detection, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed to confirm the NiV infection. Contacts of the index case were traced and isolated based on risk categorization. Bats from the areas near the epicenter of the outbreak were sampled for throat swabs, rectal swabs, and blood samples for NiV screening by real-time RT-PCR and anti-NiV bat immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA. A plaque reduction neutralization test was performed for the detection of neutralizing antibodies. Nipah viral RNA could be detected from blood, bronchial wash, endotracheal (ET) secretion, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and anti-NiV immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies from the serum sample of the index case. Rapid establishment of an onsite NiV diagnostic facility and contact tracing helped in quick containment of the outbreak. NiV sequences retrieved from the clinical specimen of the index case formed a sub-cluster with the earlier reported Nipah I genotype sequences from India with more than 95% similarity. Anti-NiV IgG positivity could be detected in 21% of Pteropus medius (P. medius) and 37.73% of Rousettus leschenaultia (R. leschenaultia). Neutralizing antibodies against NiV could be detected in P. medius. Stringent surveillance and awareness campaigns need to be implemented in the area to reduce human-bat interactions and minimize spillover events, which can lead to sporadic outbreaks of NiV.

Awareness on Role of Kabasura Kudineer on Immunity among Adult Population

Introduction: Kabasura kudineer is a concoction prepared as a siddha product which is effective against respiratory infection. It is made with the use of 15 herbs which includes ginger, clove, Piper Longum, Dusparsha, Akarakarabha, Kokilaksha, heritage, Malabar nut, ajwain, Kusta, guduchi, Kalamegha, Raja pata, musta and Bharani. Each and every ingredient has its own importance like ginger promotes digestion and helps in treatment of respiratory ailments, Pippalli can treat indigestion, asthma and cough, clove helps to kill bacteria and promote liver health etc. Thus the aim of the study is to analyse the knowledge and awareness on the role of Kabasura kudineer on immunity among the adult population. Materials and methods: Self-administered structured questionnaires were designed based on the knowledge and awareness of the role of Kabasura kudineer on immunity among adults. The questionnaire was distributed through online goggle forms link;the study population included 100 dental students in Chennai. The data was collected and statistically analysed in SPSS of version 26.0.The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Results: Majority of 19 year old (52%) individuals had responded whereas 35% of 17 year old respondents among them nearly 97% were females and 88% were aware of kabasura kudineer. It was appreciable that 83% of respondents were aware that kabasura kudineer was a siddha formulation and only 50% were aware it was administered as concoction among which 78% of individuals knew that it is a perfect remedy for respiratory ailments. Majority (52%) respondents were aware about the herbal ingredients used. Conclusion: Thus majority of adults were not aware about the properties of Kabasura kudineer. More awareness programmes have to be done to make Kabasura kudineer a prophylactic agent worldwide.

Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala state, India amidst of COVID-19 pandemic (preprint)

Background: We report here a Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in Kozhikode district of Kerala state, India which had caused fatal encephalitis in an adolescent male and the outbreak response which led to the successful containment of the disease and the related investigations. Methods: Quantitative real-time RT-PCR, ELISA based antibody detection and whole genome sequencing were performed to confirm the Nipah virus infection. Contacts of the index case were traced and isolated based on risk categorization. Bats from the areas near the epicentre of the outbreak were sampled for throat swabs, rectal swabs and blood samples for Nipah virus screening by real time RT-PCR and anti-Nipah virus bat IgG ELISA. Plaque reduction neutralization test was performed for the detection of neutralizing antibodies. Results: Nipah viral RNA and anti-NiV IgG antibodies were detected in the serum of the index case. Rapid establishment of an onsite NiV diagnostic facility and contact tracing helped in quick containment of the outbreak. NiV sequences retrieved from the clinical specimen of the index case formed a sub-cluster with the earlier reported Nipah I genotype sequences from India with more than 95% similarity. Anti-NiV IgG positivity could be detected in 21% of Pteropus medius and 37.73% of Rousettus leschenaultia. Neutralizing antibodies against NiV could be detected in P.medius. Conclusions: Stringent surveillance and awareness campaigns needs to be implemented in the area to reduce human-bat interactions and minimize spill over events which can lead to sporadic outbreaks of NiV.

An Enhanced Resource Allocation Algorithm to Allocate Hospital Beds during the COVID19 Pandemic

The Covid 19 or corona virus Pandemic in the current situation is growing tremendously in India and there are huge numbers of positive cases recorded daily. The nature of the pandemic is that it causes respiratory infections ranging from common cold to severe infection. During the respiratory infections the patients would need hospital beds in critical care and ventilator support. The patients with high critical conditions are being allocated with hospital beds where the number patients are in huge number. This paper has developed an enhanced resource allocation algorithm based on the evolutionary algorithm multi objective dragonfly algorithm and queuing theory which can be utilized for bed allocation in general hospitals. © 2021 IEEE.

Plasmonic Fiberoptic Absorbance Biosensor (P-FAB) for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein.

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-based COVID-19 diagnosis is a promising alternative to the high-priced, time-consuming, and labor-intensive RT-PCR tests. Here, we developed a rapid, dip-type, wash-free plasmonic fiber optic absorbance biosensor (P-FAB) strategy for the point-of-care detection of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein, expressed abundantly during the infection. P-FAB involves a sandwich assay with plasmonic labels on the surface of a U-bent fiber optic sensor probe with a high evanescent wave absorbance (EWA) sensitivity. The SARS-CoV-2 N-protein is quantified in terms of the change in the intensity of the light propagating through the U-bent sensor probe coupled to a green LED and a photodetector. Firstly, the optical fiber material (silica vs. polymeric optical fiber), was evaluated to realize a sensitive sensor platform. The optimal size of AuNP labels (20, 40, and 60 nm) to achieve high sensitivity and a lower limit of detection (LoD) was investigated. Following the P-FAB strategy, fused silica/glass optical fiber (GOF) U-bent senor probe and citrate-capped AuNP labels (size ~40 nm) gave rise to an LoD down to ~2.5 ng/mL within 10 mins of read-out time. Further, studies on development and validation of a point of care (PoC) read-out device, and preclinical studies are in progress.

Cardiovascular Impacts on COVID-19 Infected Patients.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has taken more than 2 million lives on a global scale. Over 10 million people were confirmed with COVID-19 infection. The well-known spot of primary infection includes the lungs and the respiratory system. Recently it has been reported that the cardiovascular system and coagulation mechanisms were the second major targets of biological system affected due to the viral replication. The replication mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 involves the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2- (ACE2) surface receptors of endothelial cells belonging to various organs which act as the binding site for the viral spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 virus has been recently listed as a primary risk factor for the following cardiovascular conditions such as pericarditis, myocarditis, arrhythmias, myocardial injury, cardiac arrest, heart failure and coagulation abnormalities in the patients confirmed with COVID-19 viral infection. Direct and indirect type of tissue damage were the two major categories detected with cardiovascular abnormalities. Direct myocardial cell injury and indirect damage to the myocardial cell due to inflammation were clinically reported. Few drugs were clinically administered to regulate the vital biological mechanism along with symptomatic treatment and supportive therapy.

A survey on the psychological impacts of the covid-19 infectious disease outbreak among elderly people

Aim and Introduction COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China. It had spread rapidly all over the world and had affected many people. This sudden outbreak caused all parts of the world to go under lockdown. This lockdown had mentally affected many, especially the elderly people. Daily life of people during this lockdown had completely changed.The precautions to be taken to protect from infections make elderly people feel more lonely. As the old people are prone to infection, the psychological impacts caused by the infection spread needs to be studied. The aim of the present survey is to assess the awareness on the psychological impact of COVID 19 on elderly people. Materials and Methods An online survey had been spread to 102 participants who are elderly, regardless of their country. After circulating, the data was received and analysed.The results were obtained and statistically analysed through SPSS software, chi square test was done to check the association and a p value of 0.05 was said to be statistically significant. The survey has been completed in the month of May 2020. Results From the data of this study, it was noticed that elderly people were psychologically more affected. 45.10% of the participants felt depressed as they were forced to miss their regular routines such as daily walk and chatting with their friends due to the lockdown, while 54.90% did not feel depressed.93.14%of the participant’s family were found to be really . Thus the pandemic has caused psychological impact among the elderly population. Conclusion More awareness and knowledge regarding the pandemic must be given to help elderly people to take proper care of themselves and also their mental health. Thus, this survey has indicated the importance of mental health as equal to physical health to fight against an infection outbreak. © 2021, Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldis din Arad. All rights reserved.

Awareness on the precautions to be taken during the spread of covid-19 infection among adolescents-a survey

Aim And Introduction COVID-19 is a mild to severe respiratory illness caused due to a coronavirus. It was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The symptoms are fever, cough and shortness of breath. Adolescents are the ones who are affected the most because they don’t get the fun that they usually get.The main aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge level of adolescents towards the precautionary measures that has to be taken during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials And Methods This is an online survey conducted among adolescents in the month of May 2020,through a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions and was circulated among the participants. The sample size of the study was 100.The statistics done using SPSS software, chi square test was done to check the association and a p value of 0.05 was said to be statistically significant and the results were tabulated accordingly. Results 100 percent of the participants were aware about the symptoms of COVID-19. 93% of the participants think that wearing a mask in public places prevents COVID-19 spread.99% of the participants strongly believe that lockdown is essential. Conclusion From the study, it is evident that adolescents were aware about the precautionary measures that had to be practiced till the pandemic comes to an end. © 2021, Universitatea de Vest Vasile Goldis din Arad. All rights reserved.

Knowledge and awareness in maintaining good health practices during infection outbreak among dental students - A survey

Introduction: Infection control practices are crucial and important elements in clinical dentistry as there is an increase in the prevalence of infectious diseases globally. Most of the patients are not aware of their health as the incubation period for viral infections are usually long. It is the prime role of the dentist to be aware of the current situation and take preventive measures to safeguard their health. The aim of this survey is to assess the awareness in maintaining good health practices during infection outbreak among dental students. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted among dental students to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of the good health practices to be taken by dental students to avoid COVID 19 infection. The study population was dental students, with a sample size of 100. The questionnaire consisted of 12 questions and was shared to the participants using online survey platform. The study was conducted in the month of May, 2020. The statistics done using SPSS software, chi square test was done to check the association and a p value of 0.05 was said to be statistically significant. Results: From the survey, it was evident that 87 % of dental students were aware of the necessary precautions to be taken to protect themselves from infection and also to maintain good health during an infection outbreak, it was also evident that both male and female students were equally aware of maintaining good health practices to fight infection(p-value>0.05). Conclusion: From the survey, it was evident that dental students are much aware of practices to be followed to maintain good health amidst an infection outbreak;it was also evident that both male and female students were equally aware of maintaining good health practices to fight infection. Though most of the dental students were aware of the preventive measures, the most crucial thing is to put it into practice.

Awareness on family time during quarantine lockdown among college students

Quarantine is restricting people who have been exposed to a disease, such as COVID-19. This study is required because during this hectic period of lockdown the only conversation we can have is with our family members. This study fulfils the deficiency of knowing the actual bond they share with their family members during this full time quarantine lockdown. The aim of the study is to know the relationship between family members during quarantine lockdown. Data manipulation is done by google forms. Software used is IBM SPSS. Pie Chart is used as a method of representation of each output variable. 76.8% agreed that family members feel more bonded during this quarantine and 23.2% disagreed that family members feel more bonded during this quarantine. (p=0.135, indicating statistically not significant )The association between gender was assessed by Chi Square test where p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We have observed association between gender and responses about whether they like their families was found to be statistically significant. Various members may have varying needs that can cause stress and struggle. But in such times, providing them with comfort and love, regularly checking in, sharing their worries, offering whatever support can prove beneficial in strengthening relationships.

Extroverts and quarantine a survey

Based on how people mingle with the society they can be classified as introverts,extroverts and ambiverts.Extroverts are people who are basically more active socially and gain attention.Introverts are people who don't get mingled so much and they stay in a very small circle,they just live to show that they exist.Ambiverts are people who are not extroverts or introverts,they adapt and be how they have to be in places.This study is to to know about the mindset of extrovert individuals at this time of lockdown and quarantine. A self structured questionnaire containing 19 questions was circulated through online google forms link.The survey population contained 100 people.The responses obtained were statistically analysed in SPSS software and the results were depicted in the form of pie charts and graphs.The overall result shows that it is getting tougher day by day for the extroverts to stay home during this lockdown in quarantine as they usually weren't this ideal.Hence this study can be used to plan for tasks that could keep these extroverts engaged and make it easy for them to abide by the laws in times of national emergencies and pandemics.

Awareness on preventive measures in covid-19 among dental students - A questionnaire survey

Objective: To determine awareness on the preventive measures in COVID-19. Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) which was first spotted in Wuhan, China. It's symptoms were described as fever, cough and breathlessness.The aim of this study is to assess awareness on the preventive measures in COVID-19. Materials and methods: Self-administered structured questionnaires were used based on the awareness of preventive measures in COVID-19 among dental students. The questionnaire was distributed through an online google forms link, The study population included 100 dental students.The data was collected and statistically analysed in SPSS. Result: 52% gave affirmative response for the statement that symptoms of COVID-19 would be apparent as soon as the virus entered the body .52%of students responded that sanitization regularly will prevent us from COVID-19.19.87% of professionals had responded that close contact may increase the spread of COVID-19 and 19.83% of professionals had recommended hygiene maintenance as a preventive measure. Statistical analysis: The data was collected and statistically analysed in SPSS. Conclusion: The current study was to analyse the knowledge and awareness of preventive measures in COVID-19.With the limitations of the study it was concluded that the recent pandemic of COVID -19 has caused fear and confusion among people and there is not much awareness of drugs used to control COVID-19 . People need to be more careful and follow social distancing and self hygiene to prevent the spread of the disease. © 2020 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.